feat: 기본(디폴트) 분류 — 관리자 설정 + 사용자 불러오기

- default_category 테이블(전체 공용) + 도메인/매퍼/서비스
- 관리자 API /api/admin/default-categories (CRUD·reorder, ADMIN 보호)
- 사용자 /account/categories/import: 기존 내역 기반 → 기본분류 복사로 변경
  (대/소분류 계층 유지, 같은 이름은 건너뜀; CategoryMapper.findByMemberTypeName 추가)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/main/java/com/sb/web/account/controller/CategoryController.java

@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ public class CategoryController {
         return categoryService.reorder(current.getId(), req.getType(), req.getIds());
     }
 
-    /** 기존 내역의 분류를 목록으로 가져오기 */
+    /** 관리자가 정의한 기본 분류를 내 분류로 불러오기 */
     @PostMapping("/import")
-    public List<CategoryResponse> importFromEntries(
+    public List<CategoryResponse> importDefaults(
             @RequestAttribute(AuthInterceptor.CURRENT_MEMBER) SessionUser current) {
-        return categoryService.importFromEntries(current.getId());
+        return categoryService.importDefaults(current.getId());
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/sb/web/account/domain/DefaultCategory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.sb.web.account.domain;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Builder;
+import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+
+/**
+ * 기본(디폴트) 분류 — 전체 사용자 공용 템플릿(관리자 관리). 사용자는 자기 분류로 복사해 사용.
+ */
+@Data
+@Builder
+@NoArgsConstructor
+@AllArgsConstructor
+public class DefaultCategory implements Serializable {
+
+    private Long id;
+    private String type;   // INCOME / EXPENSE
+    private String name;
+    private Long parentId; // 대분류 id (NULL=대분류, 값=소분류)
+    private Integer sortOrder;
+    private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+}

src/main/java/com/sb/web/account/mapper/CategoryMapper.java

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ public interface CategoryMapper {
 
     AccountCategory findByIdAndMember(@Param("id") Long id, @Param("memberId") Long memberId);
 
+    /** 이름으로 조회 (기본분류 불러오기 중복 확인용) */
+    AccountCategory findByMemberTypeName(@Param("memberId") Long memberId,
+                                         @Param("type") String type,
+                                         @Param("name") String name);
+
     /** 해당 대분류(parent_id)에 속한 소분류 개수 */
     int countChildren(@Param("memberId") Long memberId, @Param("parentId") Long parentId);
 

src/main/java/com/sb/web/account/mapper/DefaultCategoryMapper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.sb.web.account.mapper;
+
+import com.sb.web.account.domain.DefaultCategory;
+import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
+import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * 기본(디폴트) 분류 매퍼 — 전체 공용(소유자 격리 없음).
+ */
+@Mapper
+public interface DefaultCategoryMapper {
+
+    List<DefaultCategory> findAll();
+
+    DefaultCategory findById(@Param("id") Long id);
+
+    int countChildren(@Param("parentId") Long parentId);
+
+    int countByName(@Param("type") String type, @Param("name") String name, @Param("excludeId") Long excludeId);
+
+    int insert(DefaultCategory category);
+
+    int update(DefaultCategory category);
+
+    int delete(@Param("id") Long id);
+
+    int updateSortOrder(@Param("id") Long id, @Param("sortOrder") int sortOrder);
+
+    Integer maxSortOrder(@Param("type") String type);
+}

src/main/java/com/sb/web/account/service/CategoryService.java

@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 package com.sb.web.account.service;
 
 import com.sb.web.account.domain.AccountCategory;
+import com.sb.web.account.domain.DefaultCategory;
 import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryRequest;
 import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryResponse;
 import com.sb.web.account.mapper.AccountEntryMapper;
 import com.sb.web.account.mapper.BudgetMapper;
 import com.sb.web.account.mapper.CategoryMapper;
+import com.sb.web.account.mapper.DefaultCategoryMapper;
 import com.sb.web.common.exception.ApiException;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
- * 분류(카테고리) 서비스. 사용자별 CRUD, 이름 변경 시 내역·예산 전파, 기존 분류 불러오기.
+ * 분류(카테고리) 서비스. 사용자별 CRUD, 이름 변경 시 내역·예산 전파, 기본분류 불러오기.
  */
 @Service
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
@@ -24,6 +28,7 @@ public class CategoryService {
     private final CategoryMapper categoryMapper;
     private final AccountEntryMapper entryMapper;
     private final BudgetMapper budgetMapper;
+    private final DefaultCategoryMapper defaultCategoryMapper;
 
     public List<CategoryResponse> list(Long memberId) {
         return categoryMapper.findByMember(memberId).stream().map(CategoryResponse::from).toList();
@@ -114,18 +119,42 @@ public class CategoryService {
         categoryMapper.delete(id, memberId);
     }
 
-    /** 기존 내역에 쓰인 분류명을 분류 목록으로 가져오기 (중복 무시) */
+    /** 관리자가 정의한 기본(디폴트) 분류를 내 분류로 복사 (대/소분류 계층 유지, 같은 이름은 건너뜀) */
     @Transactional
-    public List<CategoryResponse> importFromEntries(Long memberId) {
-        for (String type : new String[]{"INCOME", "EXPENSE"}) {
-            for (String name : entryMapper.findDistinctCategories(memberId, type)) {
-                categoryMapper.insertIgnore(AccountCategory.builder()
-                        .memberId(memberId).type(type).name(name).sortOrder(0).build());
+    public List<CategoryResponse> importDefaults(Long memberId) {
+        List<DefaultCategory> defaults = defaultCategoryMapper.findAll();
+        // 1) 대분류 먼저 생성/확보 → default.id → 내 분류.id 매핑
+        Map<Long, Long> majorMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (DefaultCategory d : defaults) {
+            if (d.getParentId() != null) {
+                continue;
             }
+            majorMap.put(d.getId(), ensureCategory(memberId, d.getType(), d.getName(), null));
+        }
+        // 2) 소분류 생성 (매핑된 대분류 아래; 부모 매핑이 없으면 대분류로 취급)
+        for (DefaultCategory d : defaults) {
+            if (d.getParentId() == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ensureCategory(memberId, d.getType(), d.getName(), majorMap.get(d.getParentId()));
         }
         return list(memberId);
     }
 
+    /** 같은 이름 분류가 있으면 그 id, 없으면 생성해서 id 반환 */
+    private Long ensureCategory(Long memberId, String type, String name, Long parentId) {
+        AccountCategory existing = categoryMapper.findByMemberTypeName(memberId, type, name);
+        if (existing != null) {
+            return existing.getId();
+        }
+        Integer max = categoryMapper.maxSortOrder(memberId, type);
+        AccountCategory c = AccountCategory.builder()
+                .memberId(memberId).type(type).name(name).parentId(parentId)
+                .sortOrder(max == null ? 0 : max + 1).build();
+        categoryMapper.insert(c);
+        return c.getId();
+    }
+
     private AccountCategory mustFind(Long id, Long memberId) {
         AccountCategory c = categoryMapper.findByIdAndMember(id, memberId);
         if (c == null) {

src/main/java/com/sb/web/account/service/DefaultCategoryService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package com.sb.web.account.service;
+
+import com.sb.web.account.domain.DefaultCategory;
+import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryReorderRequest;
+import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryRequest;
+import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryResponse;
+import com.sb.web.account.mapper.DefaultCategoryMapper;
+import com.sb.web.common.exception.ApiException;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * 기본(디폴트) 분류 서비스 — 전체 공용 템플릿(관리자 전용 CRUD). 2단계(대/소분류) 제한.
+ */
+@Service
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class DefaultCategoryService {
+
+    private final DefaultCategoryMapper mapper;
+
+    public List<CategoryResponse> list() {
+        return mapper.findAll().stream().map(this::toResponse).toList();
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    public CategoryResponse create(CategoryRequest req) {
+        String name = req.getName().trim();
+        if (mapper.countByName(req.getType(), name, null) > 0) {
+            throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, "이미 존재하는 분류입니다.");
+        }
+        validateParent(req.getParentId(), req.getType());
+        Integer max = mapper.maxSortOrder(req.getType());
+        DefaultCategory c = DefaultCategory.builder()
+                .type(req.getType()).name(name).parentId(req.getParentId())
+                .sortOrder(max == null ? 0 : max + 1).build();
+        mapper.insert(c);
+        return toResponse(c);
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    public CategoryResponse update(Long id, CategoryRequest req) {
+        DefaultCategory c = mustFind(id);
+        String newName = req.getName().trim();
+        if (mapper.countByName(c.getType(), newName, id) > 0) {
+            throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, "이미 존재하는 분류입니다.");
+        }
+        Long newParent = req.getParentId();
+        if (newParent != null) {
+            if (newParent.equals(id)) {
+                throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "자기 자신을 대분류로 지정할 수 없습니다.");
+            }
+            if (mapper.countChildren(id) > 0) {
+                throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "소분류가 있는 대분류는 소분류로 바꿀 수 없습니다.");
+            }
+        }
+        validateParent(newParent, c.getType());
+        c.setName(newName);
+        c.setParentId(newParent);
+        mapper.update(c);
+        return toResponse(c);
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    public void delete(Long id) {
+        mustFind(id);
+        if (mapper.countChildren(id) > 0) {
+            throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "소분류가 있는 대분류는 삭제할 수 없습니다. 소분류를 먼저 옮기거나 삭제하세요.");
+        }
+        mapper.delete(id);
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    public List<CategoryResponse> reorder(CategoryReorderRequest req) {
+        int i = 0;
+        for (Long id : req.getIds()) {
+            DefaultCategory c = mapper.findById(id);
+            if (c != null && c.getType().equals(req.getType())) {
+                mapper.updateSortOrder(id, i++);
+            }
+        }
+        return list();
+    }
+
+    private void validateParent(Long parentId, String type) {
+        if (parentId == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        DefaultCategory parent = mapper.findById(parentId);
+        if (parent == null || !parent.getType().equals(type)) {
+            throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "대분류가 올바르지 않습니다.");
+        }
+        if (parent.getParentId() != null) {
+            throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "대분류 아래에만 소분류를 둘 수 있습니다(2단계).");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private DefaultCategory mustFind(Long id) {
+        DefaultCategory c = mapper.findById(id);
+        if (c == null) {
+            throw new ApiException(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "기본 분류를 찾을 수 없습니다.");
+        }
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    private CategoryResponse toResponse(DefaultCategory c) {
+        return CategoryResponse.builder()
+                .id(c.getId()).type(c.getType()).name(c.getName()).parentId(c.getParentId())
+                .build();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/sb/web/admin/controller/AdminCategoryController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package com.sb.web.admin.controller;
+
+import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryReorderRequest;
+import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryRequest;
+import com.sb.web.account.dto.CategoryResponse;
+import com.sb.web.account.service.DefaultCategoryService;
+import jakarta.validation.Valid;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * 관리자 기본(디폴트) 분류 관리 API. (/api/admin/** — AdminInterceptor 로 ADMIN 권한 필요)
+ *   GET    /default-categories          기본 분류 목록
+ *   POST   /default-categories          생성(대/소분류)
+ *   PUT    /default-categories/{id}     수정(이름·대분류)
+ *   DELETE /default-categories/{id}     삭제
+ *   PUT    /default-categories/reorder  순서 변경
+ */
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/api/admin/default-categories")
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class AdminCategoryController {
+
+    private final DefaultCategoryService service;
+
+    @GetMapping
+    public List<CategoryResponse> list() {
+        return service.list();
+    }
+
+    @PostMapping
+    public ResponseEntity<CategoryResponse> create(@Valid @RequestBody CategoryRequest req) {
+        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(service.create(req));
+    }
+
+    @PutMapping("/{id}")
+    public CategoryResponse update(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody CategoryRequest req) {
+        return service.update(id, req);
+    }
+
+    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
+    public ResponseEntity<Void> delete(@PathVariable Long id) {
+        service.delete(id);
+        return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
+    }
+
+    @PutMapping("/reorder")
+    public List<CategoryResponse> reorder(@RequestBody CategoryReorderRequest req) {
+        return service.reorder(req);
+    }
+}

src/main/resources/db/account.sql

@@ -114,6 +114,18 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS account_category (
 -- 대/소분류 계층 추가(기존 DB 마이그레이션) — 소분류 이름은 그대로, parent_id 만 부여
 ALTER TABLE account_category ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS parent_id BIGINT NULL COMMENT '대분류 id. NULL=대분류, 값=소분류';
 
+-- 기본(디폴트) 분류 — 전체 사용자 공용 템플릿(관리자 관리). 사용자가 '기본 분류 불러오기'로 자기 분류에 복사.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS default_category (
+    id         BIGINT      NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+    type       VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL COMMENT 'INCOME / EXPENSE',
+    name       VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
+    parent_id  BIGINT      NULL COMMENT '대분류 id(default_category.id). NULL=대분류, 값=소분류',
+    sort_order INT         NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    created_at DATETIME    NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    UNIQUE KEY uk_default_category_type_name (type, name)
+) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
+
 -- 예산 (사용자별, 카테고리별)
 -- fixed=1(고정): base_unit/base_amount 로 일수기준 환산 / fixed=0(비고정): daily/weekly/monthly/yearly 직접
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS budget (

src/main/resources/mapper/CategoryMapper.xml

@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@
         WHERE member_id = #{memberId} AND parent_id = #{parentId}
     </select>
 
+    <select id="findByMemberTypeName" resultMap="categoryResultMap">
+        SELECT id, member_id, type, name, parent_id, sort_order, created_at
+        FROM account_category
+        WHERE member_id = #{memberId} AND type = #{type} AND name = #{name}
+        LIMIT 1
+    </select>
+
     <select id="countByName" resultType="int">
         SELECT COUNT(*) FROM account_category
         WHERE member_id = #{memberId} AND type = #{type} AND name = #{name}

src/main/resources/mapper/DefaultCategoryMapper.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
+        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
+<mapper namespace="com.sb.web.account.mapper.DefaultCategoryMapper">
+
+    <resultMap id="defaultCategoryResultMap" type="com.sb.web.account.domain.DefaultCategory">
+        <id property="id" column="id"/>
+        <result property="type" column="type"/>
+        <result property="name" column="name"/>
+        <result property="parentId" column="parent_id"/>
+        <result property="sortOrder" column="sort_order"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at"/>
+    </resultMap>
+
+    <select id="findAll" resultMap="defaultCategoryResultMap">
+        SELECT id, type, name, parent_id, sort_order, created_at
+        FROM default_category
+        ORDER BY type, sort_order, name
+    </select>
+
+    <select id="findById" resultMap="defaultCategoryResultMap">
+        SELECT id, type, name, parent_id, sort_order, created_at
+        FROM default_category
+        WHERE id = #{id}
+    </select>
+
+    <select id="countChildren" resultType="int">
+        SELECT COUNT(*) FROM default_category WHERE parent_id = #{parentId}
+    </select>
+
+    <select id="countByName" resultType="int">
+        SELECT COUNT(*) FROM default_category
+        WHERE type = #{type} AND name = #{name}
+        <if test="excludeId != null">AND id != #{excludeId}</if>
+    </select>
+
+    <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.sb.web.account.domain.DefaultCategory"
+            useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
+        INSERT INTO default_category (type, name, parent_id, sort_order, created_at)
+        VALUES (#{type}, #{name}, #{parentId}, #{sortOrder}, NOW())
+    </insert>
+
+    <update id="update" parameterType="com.sb.web.account.domain.DefaultCategory">
+        UPDATE default_category SET name = #{name}, parent_id = #{parentId}
+        WHERE id = #{id}
+    </update>
+
+    <delete id="delete">
+        DELETE FROM default_category WHERE id = #{id}
+    </delete>
+
+    <update id="updateSortOrder">
+        UPDATE default_category SET sort_order = #{sortOrder} WHERE id = #{id}
+    </update>
+
+    <select id="maxSortOrder" resultType="java.lang.Integer">
+        SELECT MAX(sort_order) FROM default_category WHERE type = #{type}
+    </select>
+
+</mapper>